Criminal Defense

Maybe something happened that you didn’t expect. Maybe you made a mistake, or maybe someone just thinks you did. Whatever brought you here, you’re facing something serious. You’re worried about your future. You might feel alone, judged, or even scared.

If you’re reading this, there’s a good chance you’ve found yourself in some kind of legal trouble. And now you’re wondering: What’s next? Who can I trust? How do I fix this?

You can start by reminding yourself that you're not your worst moment. You're not your charges. You're not the assumptions people make about you.

You’re just in trouble. That’s different from being a bad person. And it means you deserve real help. Judgment-free. Smart. Strategic. Human.

Let’s walk through what that kind of help looks like, especially from a defense attorney who knows how to stand beside you, not above you.

Getting in Trouble Doesn’t Make You a Bad Person

We tend to use criminal charges as a kind of label, like they say something about who someone is, not just what they’re facing. But the truth is, getting arrested or charged with something doesn’t mean you’re automatically a bad person. It means you're in a situation that calls for legal help, not moral judgment.

People get into legal trouble for all kinds of reasons:

• A heated moment that escalated
• A misunderstanding
• Being in the wrong place at the wrong time
• Getting caught up with the wrong crowd
• Struggling with addiction, poverty, or mental health

When people only look at the charge on paper, they miss everything underneath it, such as your story, your circumstances, your intent, or lack of it.

Good defense attorneys know this. They don’t treat clients like cases. They treat them like people.

And if you're working with the right one, they’ll remind you of that when it’s hardest to remember it yourself.

Why Shame Keeps People from Getting the Help They Need

One of the biggest barriers people face after an arrest? Not the court system. Not the judge. Not even the prosecution.

It’s shame.

Shame says, You brought this on yourself.
Shame says, You deserve whatever happens next.
Shame says, Keep quiet. Don’t ask for help. People like you don’t get second chances.

And the problem is, shame isolates you, right when connection is what you need most.

But what shame doesn't tell you is that a defense attorney isn’t there to judge you. They’re not sizing you up. They’re not shocked or surprised. They’ve seen cases like yours. They’ve seen worse. And they’ve helped people through them.

The law doesn’t just punish. It also protects. But you need someone who knows how to use it in your favor.

And you’ll only reach out for that kind of support when you believe you deserve it.

Understanding the Role of a Defense Attorney

You might think you know what a defense lawyer does. But it’s not always how it looks on TV.

At their core, criminal defense attorneys do one thing: They protect your rights at every step of the legal process.

But that role branches into much more:

• They make sure you understand your options. They translate the legal jargon. They explain what every decision could mean for your future.
• They stand between you and the state. They challenge weak evidence. They question police procedures. They hold the prosecution accountable.
• They negotiate. Sometimes, that means arguing for a reduced charge. Other times, it means working out a fair plea deal or diversion program.
• They build your case. That might involve hiring experts, collecting witness statements, or showing the court who you are beyond the allegations.
• They advocate for your future. That includes sentencing, alternatives to jail, or pushing for treatment or education instead of punishment.

Their job is not just to win or lose a case. It’s to guide you through it in a way that preserves your dignity, protects your freedom, and gives you the best shot at a better outcome.

What a Good Defense Lawyer Really Does (and Doesn’t Do)

There are a lot of ideas out there about what defense attorneys are like. Some of them aren’t helpful. Others are flat-out wrong.

Let’s clear a few things up.

What a Good Defense Attorney Does

• Listens without judgment. They want to know what happened and what you need.
• Gets the full picture. That means your background, your priorities, and what matters most to you moving forward.
• Keeps you informed. A good lawyer doesn’t leave you in the dark. They return your calls. They explain the process. They help you make smart choices.
• Fights strategically. They don’t just push for a trial to show off in court. They weigh every move based on what’s best for you, not their ego.

What They Don’t Do

• Make promises they can’t keep. If a lawyer guarantees an outcome, be careful. Law isn’t about certainty, it’s about strategy.
• Pressure you into one path. Whether it’s pleading guilty, going to trial, or taking a diversion offer, the right lawyer gives you all the facts, then lets you decide.
• Treat you like a file on their desk. If your attorney doesn’t take time to get to know you, they’re missing the most important piece of your case: you.

Working with a good lawyer should feel like a partnership. You don’t have to know the law, but you do have to trust that the person beside you does.

How a Criminal Defense Attorney Can Help You Move Forward

No one wants to stay stuck in the moment they got arrested. And a good defense attorney from The Law Offices of Daniel J. Miller doesn’t just focus on the present; we focus on your future.

Here’s what that can look like:

• Keeping your record clean. Whether it’s fighting for dismissal, a reduction, or expungement later on, we’re always thinking about how this will follow you and how to limit the damage.
• Helping you access alternatives. Jail isn’t the only option. Diversion programs, community service, rehabilitation, or education-based outcomes may all be on the table.
• Protecting your job, license, or immigration status. Criminal charges can touch every part of your life. We see the big picture and work to protect it.
• Giving you space to grow. When you know someone has your back legally, it frees you up to focus on what you need—healing, working, rebuilding.

You don’t have to go through this alone. And you don’t have to stay stuck in the worst version of your story.

Whether you're facing a first-time misdemeanor or a serious felony charge, having us by your side changes everything. Not just for the outcome of your case, but for your peace of mind, your confidence, and your ability to move forward. Let's take the next step, together.

If you're ready to talk to a criminal defense attorney who sees you as a person first and believes you're more than your charges, our team is ready to help. Reach out to us at (757) 267-4949 or fill out our online form to get started.

It’s a question no one ever wants to ask: Am I in trouble?

If you're reading this, there's a good chance you've found yourself in a situation where something feels off. Maybe someone’s asked you questions that seem unusually pointed. Maybe a coworker or neighbor mentioned a detective tried to contact you. Or maybe you’ve been contacted directly by law enforcement.

No matter how you got here, one thing is clear—you’re trying to make sense of a confusing and stressful situation. The legal world can feel overwhelming, especially when you're unsure if you’re actually under investigation or what could happen next.

Let’s break it down. This guide will help you understand what a criminal investigation is, how you might know you're involved, what you should do (and definitely shouldn’t do), and how long it might be before formal charges are filed. And finally, we’ll talk about the most important step—how a criminal defense attorney can help protect you and your future.

What Is a Criminal Investigation and Why Might You Be Involved?

A criminal investigation is a process used by law enforcement to gather facts, evidence, and witness statements in connection with a suspected crime. The purpose is simple: to determine if a crime occurred, who was involved, and whether there's enough evidence to prosecute.

But not everyone involved in an investigation is guilty or even necessarily a suspect. People get pulled into investigations for many reasons:

• You were at the scene when something happened.
• Someone mentioned your name in a statement.
• You unknowingly interacted with someone under investigation.
• You were reported for behavior that raised suspicion.

The problem is, law enforcement usually doesn’t tell you exactly what’s going on. They may ask questions under the guise of “just trying to clear things up.” But if they’re talking to you, there’s a reason, even if it’s not one you understand yet.

Common Signs You’re Being Investigated for a Crime

Most investigations happen quietly. You may not even know one is underway until things escalate. But there are common signs that can suggest you’re being looked at more closely than you'd like:

• Unexpected calls or visits from police or detectives. They might say they "just want to talk." But they’re trained to sound casual. That doesn’t mean it’s not serious.
• Friends, coworkers, or family members are being questioned. If people close to you are suddenly being asked about your whereabouts, behavior, or past actions, it’s a strong indicator that you’re part of something bigger.
• You receive a subpoena or warrant. Whether it’s for your records, your presence in court, or even a search of your property, this is a red flag that law enforcement is building a case.
• You notice surveillance or unusual behavior. Unmarked vehicles near your home, odd social media friend requests, or unexpected texts can be subtle signs that you're being watched.
• Your employer puts you on leave or starts asking questions. Sometimes law enforcement notifies workplaces during investigations, especially in fraud, financial crimes, or workplace incidents.

If you notice any of these, it’s time to stop wondering and start protecting yourself.

What to Do (and Not Do) If You’re Under Investigation

If you have any reason to believe you're under investigation, how you respond can shape everything that follows. Here’s how to handle it:

What to Do

1. Stay calm and don’t panic. Fear is normal, but rash decisions can hurt you. Breathe. You still have rights, and there’s still time to protect yourself.

2. Consult with a criminal defense attorney immediately. Even if you haven’t been charged, a lawyer can give you clarity, contact law enforcement on your behalf, and keep you from making costly mistakes.

3. Document everything. Start keeping track of any interaction with law enforcement, strange occurrences, or requests for information. Even small details can matter.

4. Be mindful of what you say to anyone. This includes texts, emails, and social media. Anything you say can be used later. Keep your communications clean, and don’t speculate or gossip about the situation.

What Not to Do

1. Don’t talk to the police without a lawyer. They may act friendly. They may say it’s routine. But anything you say, no matter how innocent, can be misunderstood or misused. Stay silent until you have legal representation.

2. Don’t destroy evidence or lie. It might be tempting to “clean things up” or “correct the story.” But destroying documents, deleting messages, or lying to authorities can make things far worse and can even lead to new charges.

3. Don’t involve others unnecessarily. Avoid dragging family or friends into it. The fewer people involved, the fewer variables that can go wrong.

You don’t need to prove anything at this stage. You just need to stay smart and stay protected.

When Do Investigations Turn Into Formal Charges?

This is the part that keeps people up at night—the not knowing.

An investigation can last days, months, or even longer. Some never lead to charges at all. Others can shift suddenly, going from quiet questioning to a formal arrest seemingly overnight.

So, when does it tip over from “just investigating” to officially charging you with a crime?

Here’s what usually needs to happen:

• Law enforcement believes they have enough evidence to prove a crime occurred.
• The case is presented to a prosecutor or district attorney.
• The prosecutor reviews the evidence and decides whether to file formal charges.
• If approved, a warrant may be issued for your arrest, or you may receive a summons.

It’s important to remember: you can be charged without being arrested. And you don’t need to be guilty to be charged.

Charges don’t mean a conviction. But they do mean things just got very real, and you need someone in your corner who knows how to fight for you.

How a Criminal Defense Attorney Can Protect Your Rights and Future

At this point, you might be thinking, This sounds overwhelming. That’s because it is, but you don’t have to navigate it alone.

The most important thing you can do when facing a criminal investigation is to get a criminal defense attorney from The Law Offices of Daniel J. Miller involved early. Why?

• We communicate with law enforcement for you. Instead of guessing what to say or fearing every knock on the door, we become the point of contact. That means less stress and fewer chances to say something damaging.
• We help prevent charges before they happen. We don't wait until you’re charged to act. We may be able to clear up misunderstandings or present evidence that leads prosecutors to drop the case entirely.
• We ensure your rights aren’t violated. From illegal searches to improper questioning, we keep the system in check and protect your constitutional rights every step of the way.
• We build a strategic defense if charges do come. If the worst happens and you're charged, we are already up to speed, ready to defend you with experience and a plan.
• We give you peace of mind. Having someone in your corner who’s seen this before, who knows the players, the process, and the pressure, can be the difference between feeling powerless and feeling prepared.

If you’re asking yourself, Am I in trouble?—Don’t wait until you have an answer. We’re here to help you understand what’s happening, what comes next, and how to protect everything you’ve worked for.

Talk to someone who can give you clarity. Reach out to us at (757) 267-4949 or fill out our online form to get started.

Providing alcohol to minors is a serious offense across the United States, and Virginia Beach is no exception. A charge for distributing alcohol to a minor carries legal consequences. If you're facing these charges, the legal team at The Law Offices of Daniel J. Miller can help you create a sound criminal defense strategy to fight these charges. Whether you're a parent, business owner, or visitor to the area, understanding how to protect yourself and avoid potential penalties is important.

To schedule a consultation, call our Virginia Beach distributing alcohol to a minor charge attorney at (757) 267-4949 or message us online today.

What Does the Law Say? Understanding Virginia’s Alcohol Distribution Laws

In Virginia Beach, it’s important to understand the state’s general approach to underage drinking. Like most states, Virginia enforces strict laws against providing alcohol to anyone under the age of 21, in accordance with federal regulations.

Virginia Code § 4.1-306

Distributing alcohol to a minor is governed by Virginia Code § 4.1-306, which makes it illegal for any person, except a parent or guardian in a private residence, to provide alcohol to individuals under 21 years old.

Here are the key points of the law:

• It applies to both individuals (e.g., a private citizen)and businesses (e.g., liquor stores, bars, and restaurants)
• The act of providing, delivering, or supplying alcohol to a minor is enough—whether or not the recipient consumes it
• Exceptions are made only in specific cases, such as religious ceremonies where alcohol is part of the ritual

An important note is that the law applies not only regarding to intentional acts but also to negligence. For example, a bartender who fails to check a customer’s ID or overlook obvious signs of underage drinking can also be held liable.

Penalties for Distributing Alcohol to a Minor in Virginia Beach

Violations of Virginia Code § 4.1-306 come with serious consequences. Depending on the nature of the violation, penalties can range from financial fees to criminal charges.

Class 1 Misdemeanor Charges

In most cases, distributing alcohol to a minor is classified as a Class 1 misdemeanor. This is the most severe level of misdemeanor in Virginia, and it carries the following potential penalties:

• Fines — Up to $2,500.
• Jail Time — Up to 12 months in jail.
• Criminal Record — A permanent criminal record that can affect future employment, housing, and educational opportunities

Civil Liability

Beyond criminal charges, individuals or businesses can face civil liability if their actions cause harm. For example, if a minor consumes alcohol and later causes an accident, the person or business that provided the alcohol may be sued for damages. Law enforcement in Virginia Beach also pays close attention to social gatherings involving alcohol. Hosting a party where minors have access to alcohol—whether knowingly or unknowingly—can result in legal consequences. For instance, if your teenager throws a party at your home without your knowledge and provides alcohol to their friends, you could still face penalties for allowing it to occur on your property.

Impact on Businesses

Organizations such as bars, liquor stores, or event hosts have additional risks such as:

• License Suspension or Revocation — Establishments that violate the law may face suspension or permanent revocation of their alcohol licenses, which can greatly affect their operations.
• Hefty Fines—The Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Authority (ABC) may impose additional fines for noncompliance.

How Are These Charges Enforced in Virginia Beach?

Virginia Beach, a hub of tourism and nightlife, faces unique challenges in enforcing alcohol-related laws. To prevent violations, local law enforcement conducts routine compliance checks in cooperation with the Virginia ABC Authority.

Compliance Checks and Sting Operations

One common enforcement method is sting operations, in which underage volunteers attempt to purchase alcohol at businesses under the supervision of law enforcement. These operations are designed to test whether establishments properly verify age. If caught violating the law, establishments can face both criminal charges and administrative penalties from the ABC.

What to Do If You’re Facing a Charge

If you’ve been charged with distributing alcohol to a minor, there are steps you can take to protect yourself legally:

• Hire an Experienced Attorney: Hiring an attorney familiar with Virginia’s alcohol laws is crucial. They can help evaluate the evidence against you, identify possible defenses, and advocate on your behalf. This can include challenging the legality of a sting operation or compliance check for businesses.
• Gather Evidence: Collect evidence to support your case if you believe the charge is unjustified.

This might include:

• • Security footage.
  • Witness statements.
  • Records of employee training programs (e.g., for bartenders and servers).
• Cooperate with the Legal Process: Failure to comply with court proceedings or additional instructions from the ABC can worsen the situation. Work with your attorney to present your case professionally and responsibly.
• Take Preventative Measures: For businesses, consider incorporating measures to prevent future violations, such as enhanced employee training and stricter ID checks.

Facing Charges? Contact the Legal Team at The Law Offices of Daniel J. Miller Today

If you or someone you know is charged with distributing alcohol to a minor in Virginia Beach, it’s normal to feel overwhelmed. However, it’s important to approach the situation with knowledge and responsibility. Consulting with a knowledgeable distributing alcohol to a minor charge attorney can help you understand your options and build a strong case. Contact us online or by calling (757) 267-4949 to schedule a consultation.

If you or a loved one are facing a "drunk in public" charge in Virginia Beach, you may be wondering what this entails and how it could affect you. It’s important to understand the details of this charge, its legal implications, and your rights. At The Law Offices of Daniel J. Miller, our Virginia Beach drunk in public charge attorney has years of experience navigating criminal defense charges. Whether you’re a resident of Virginia Beach or just visiting, we can help you understand how the law operates and make informed choices to protect your reputation.

To schedule a consultation, reach out to the Virginia Beach drunk in public charge attorney at The Law Offices of Daniel J. Miller by calling (757) 267-4949 or messaging us online.

What Does "Drunk in Public" Mean in Virginia Beach?

Public intoxication, commonly known as "drunk in public," is a misdemeanor offense in Virginia. It’s governed by Virginia Code § 18.2-388, which makes it illegal for a person to be intoxicated in public or in a location where the public has access.

A person may be considered intoxicated if:

• They display signs of intoxication (e.g., impaired physical coordination, slurred speech, or erratic behavior).
• They have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08% or higher. Keep in mind, however, that a BAC test is not always part of public intoxication cases. Officers usually rely on visual observations and field sobriety assessments.

The term "intoxicated" in this context can also include being under the influence of drugs, not just alcohol if such substances impair your mental or physical ability.

What’s Considered a "Public Place"?

A "public place" in Virginia is defined broadly and includes areas like:

• Streets and sidewalks
• Parks and beaches
• Restaurants, bars, and hotels
• Parking lots or other areas open to public access

Even private property can be considered “public” if it’s open to the public’s general access. For example, a hotel lobby or restaurant entrance may qualify as a public space.

Common Scenarios That Lead to a Drunk in Public Charge

Drunk in public charges can stem from various everyday activities, including:

• Overindulging in nightlife areas. Virginia Beach’s bustling bar and club scene often results in arrests for individuals who become visibly intoxicated while enjoying the nightlife.
• Disturbing the peace. Loud or disruptive behavior while intoxicated in a public area may attract the attention of authorities.
• Passed out in public. Falling asleep on a park bench, sidewalk, or other open space due to excessive alcohol consumption can also lead to a drunk in public charge.

Law enforcement officials may issue these charges to maintain public safety and order, particularly in areas with heavy tourist activity or during major events.

Penalties for a Drunk in Public Conviction

Public intoxication in Virginia Beach is classified as a Class 4 misdemeanor. While this is considered the least severe type of misdemeanor in Virginia, the penalties can still affect your life.

Possible penalties include:

• A fine of up to $250
• A permanent criminal record. Unlike some traffic violations, a public intoxication charge will appear on your criminal record and may be visible to potential employers, universities, or licensing boards.

While jail time is generally not a penalty for a Class 4 misdemeanor, the repercussions can extend beyond fines.

For example:

• Damage to reputation. A public intoxication charge could harm your standing in the community or at work.
• Impact on security clearances. If your job requires a security clearance, a record of public intoxication could raise red flags.

How to Fight Drunk in Public Charges

If you’re facing a Virginia Beach drunk in public charge, you don’t have to accept the charge without challenging it first. Understanding your legal options is the first step toward creating a strong defense.

Common defenses include:

Challenging the Officer’s Observations: Most public intoxication charges are based on the arresting officer’s interpretation of your behavior.

• Arguing that your behavior was misinterpreted or unrelated to intoxication
• Highlighting the lack of concrete evidence, such as a BAC test

Proving You Were Not in a Public Place: If your arrest occurred on private property, such as an enclosed yard or inside a private home, the charge might not apply.

Medical Conditions or Other Explanations: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or neurological disorders, can imitate signs of intoxication. If applicable, presenting medical evidence in your defense may help dismiss the charge.

Diversion and Dismissal Options: First-time offenders may be eligible for diversion programs, such as substance abuse counseling, in exchange for the dismissal of the charge upon successful completion.

Steps to Take If You’re Charged with Drunk in Public

Facing a drunk in public charge can feel overwhelming, but there are steps you can take to help your case:

• Stay calm and polite. If approached by an officer, stay respectful and avoid escalating the situation.
• Document the details. Write down everything you remember from the incident, including where and when it happened, what you did, and who was present.
• Contact an attorney. Defending against a misdemeanor charge can be complicated. An experienced DUI or criminal defense attorney can help protect your rights and improve your outcome.

Protect Your Future with The Law Offices of Daniel J. Miller

A "drunk in public" charge may appear minor, but its consequences can linger for years if not addressed. At The Law Offices of Daniel J. Miller, we are dedicated to helping our clients create a sound legal defense. Whether you’re visiting Virginia Beach or a visitor, it’s essential to understand your rights and seek legal advice when needed. Knowledge and proactive measures can significantly help you protect your reputation and future. For sound legal guidance, contact our Virginia Beach drunk in public charge attorney today at (757) 267-4949 or by messaging us online to schedule a consultation.

Missing a court date is a crime, and while it can happen for various reasons – from unavoidable emergencies like a car breakdown or medical issues, you should treat the situation seriously.

Failing to appear in court, whether for an arraignment or another hearing, can result in serious consequences in Virginia. Understanding these outcomes can help you better navigate the legal system and minimize potential penalties. In the following blog, we examine Virginia law regarding missing court appearances, the consequences, and the steps one can take to address the situation.

Consequences of Missing a Court Date in Virginia

Failing to appear in court (commonly referred to as "failure to appear" or FTA) does have repercussions. The severity of the consequences largely depends on the nature of the case, whether it's a misdemeanor or felony, and your ability to provide a valid explanation for your absence.

You Can Be Tried in Your Absence: If you fail to appear for a scheduled court date, Virginia law permits the court to proceed with the trial without you present. This means:

• The trial will proceed normally, focusing on the available evidence and testimonies.
• You will not be able to defend yourself, provide explanations, or offer mitigating factors, which could result in a more severe judgment.

To address the consequences of being tried in your absence, you can file either an appeal or a motion to rehear:

• Appeal: Most Virginia District Courts allow you to appeal the court's decision within 10 calendar days of the judgment.
• Motion to Rehear: If the appeal window has passed, you may still request a rehearing by filing a motion within 60 days. The court will review your reasoning and decide whether to rehear the case.

You’ll Need to Show a Valid Reason for Missing Court: When you file an appeal or a motion to rehear, the court often issues a document known as a Rule to Show Cause for Contempt of Court. While this is not an arrest warrant, it does require you to:

• Appear before the court and explain why you failed to show up for your scheduled date.
• Provide a valid and justifiable reason for missing court. Examples could include medical emergencies or unavoidable circumstances backed by documentation.

If your explanation is deemed insufficient or unjustifiable, you could face penalties for contempt of court. This may include fines or jail time, depending on the circumstances.

A Warrant for Your Arrest May Be Issued: Repeatedly failing to appear in court can lead to the court issuing a Capias (a warrant of arrest for failure to appear). This arrest warrant exposes you to additional charges, which will likely worsen the outcome of your original case. Key considerations include:

• How the Warrant is Served: Law enforcement can apprehend you at your home, during a traffic stop, or even at work, significantly impacting your personal and professional reputation.
• Added Charges: The FTA may result in new criminal charges, which would add legal complexity and potential penalties to the original case.

Avoiding the issuance of a warrant should be a priority. If a warrant has already been issued, seeking legal counsel promptly is essential for addressing the situation effectively.

Penalties Depend on the Type of Case

Virginia law divides the penalties for failure to appear based on whether the original case involves a misdemeanor or a felony.

These classifications are outlined under Virginia Code §19.2-128:

• Misdemeanor Cases:
  • Failing to appear is charged as a Class 1 misdemeanor.
  • Penalties include up to 12 months in jail and/or a fine of up to $2,500.
• Felony Cases:
  • Failing to appear is charged as a Class 6 felony.
  • Punishment includes up to 5 years in prison and/or a fine of up to $2,500.

For felony cases, additional consequences often arise. For example:

• If you had a secured bond before your initial court date, the court may revoke your bond upon your re-arrest. You might remain in custody until your case is resolved.
• Felony FTAs can create challenges that compromise your ability to defend yourself effectively.

What Should You Do if You Miss Court?

If circumstances beyond your control caused you to miss a court date, acting swiftly can help limit the consequences.

• Contact the Court Immediately: Notify the court clerk immediately after missing your court appearance. Explain the situation and ask for the next steps. This proactive approach could reflect positively on you.
• Prepare Evidence of Valid Reasons: If legitimate reasons (like illness, emergencies, or unavoidable conflicts) caused your absence, gather evidence such as:

• • Doctor’s notes or hospital records
  • Police reports (e.g., for accidents)
  • Documentation of sudden and unexpected emergencies

• File a Motion to Rehear (if applicable): If you were tried in your absence and convicted, submit a motion to rehear as soon as possible within the required timeline. This offers the court a chance to reevaluate the case, providing you with the opportunity to present your defense effectively.
• Seek Legal Counsel: Whether you’re trying to handle an FTA warrant, file an appeal, or resolve an ongoing case, consulting with an experienced criminal defense attorney is critical. They can guide you through the legal nuances and present your case effectively.
• Avoid Repeat Offenses: Missing another court date after your initial FTA compounds the legal consequences exponentially. Always prioritize future court appearances and set reminders to avoid any missteps.

Best Practices to Avoid Missing Court

Attending court is a serious responsibility, and missing your appearance can have significant consequences. These practical tips will help you stay prepared and ensure you’re ready for your court date.

• Mark Your Calendar: Use digital tools like phone reminders or physical calendars to keep your court date front and center. Set multiple alerts to ensure you’re prepared well in advance.
• Plan Your Day Early: Arrange transportation, childcare, and any other responsibilities ahead of time. Research potential delays, such as traffic or public transit issues, and have a backup plan ready.
• Stay in Touch with Your Attorney: Keep regular communication with your lawyer. They can clarify what to expect and help you stay organized for your court appearance.
• Inform the Court of Conflicts Quickly: If something unavoidable comes up, like a medical emergency, contact the court as soon as possible to discuss rescheduling options. This helps demonstrate responsibility.
• Double-check the Details: Confirm your court date, time, and location. Misreading instructions is a common but avoidable mistake.
• Prepare the Night Before: Lay out everything you’ll need, including paperwork and identification. This will save you from scrambling in the morning.

By staying proactive and organized, you’ll minimize the chance of missing your important court date.

The Main Take Away: Court Dates are Serious

Missing a court appearance in Virginia can lead to serious consequences, including fines, jail time, and damage to your legal and personal reputation. Failing to appear (FTA) in court can lead to serious consequences, including being tried in your absence, facing arrest warrants, and dealing with harsher penalties. These issues can greatly complicate your case.

That said, every situation is unique. Providing valid justifications for your absence and seeking professional legal counsel can drastically improve your outcomes. Remember, the court system values honesty and proactive measures. If you’re dealing with the aftermath of a missed court date, act quickly, present your case thoroughly, and avoid repeating the same mistake.

If the team at The Law Offices of Daniel J. Miller can help you with this or any other matter, please call us at (757) 267-4949 or contact our team online today.

Are you unclear about what constitutes trespassing in Virginia and the potential consequences? Whether you're a property owner looking to protect your rights or a Virginia resident worried about overstepping legal boundaries, understanding the law is crucial.

The following blog breaks down everything you need to know about trespassing in Virginia, including what it legally means, the possible penalties, how jail time could result, and whether hiring an attorney is necessary.

What Does Trespassing Mean in Virginia?

Trespassing in Virginia is not just about being on someone else's property—it's about doing so against their explicit instructions or warnings. It is governed by Virginia Code Section § 18.2-119, often referred to as “Trespass after being forbidden.”

For a court to convict you of trespassing, the following elements must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt:

• You were on someone’s property.
• You were explicitly requested not to enter the property, either verbally, in writing, or through a clearly visible posted sign.
• The person requesting you to stay off the property had the lawful authority to make such a demand.
• You had no legal right to be on the property.

If these conditions are met, the court may rule that trespassing has occurred.

How Are No-Trespassing Requests Communicated?

A request to stay off a property can take multiple forms, including:

• Verbal Communication: A property owner asks you not to enter their premises.
• Written Notices: You might receive a letter or official notification.
• Posted Signs: Signs such as "Keep Out," "No Trespassing," or "Private Property" legally serve as warnings. For these signs to hold legal weight, they must be clearly visible and placed in an area where they are likely to be noticed.

Ignoring these warnings—even on a seemingly harmless visit—could land you in legal trouble.

Exceptions to the Rule: When Is it Not Trespassing?

There are some situations where you may legally be on someone else's property, making trespassing allegations invalid:

• Permission Granted by the Owner: If the property owner has allowed you on their premises, either explicitly or implicitly, you cannot be charged with trespassing during that time.
• Legal Rights of Access: If you are a tenant renting property, your landlord cannot deny you access to the premises without going through the proper legal eviction process, even if they make a verbal or written demand that you leave.

These exceptions can have a significant impact on whether a trespassing charge is valid in court.

Is Trespassing a Serious Crime or a Minor Infraction in Virginia?

Trespassing in Virginia is a Class 1 misdemeanor, which is the most serious misdemeanor classification under Virginia law. This means it is far from being a minor slap on the wrist.

If convicted, you could face the following consequences:

• Up to 12 months in jail
• A fine of up to $2,500
• A legal order prohibiting you from entering the same property again

Additionally, a conviction for trespassing will appear on your criminal record, potentially affecting future job prospects, housing applications, and other opportunities.

Do Intentions Matter in Trespassing Cases?

Unlike minor misunderstandings, intent plays a significant role in trespassing cases in Virginia. If you unknowingly enter someone’s property—such as accidentally crossing into a neighbor’s yard while looking for your lost pet—the legal system may view this differently than willfully ignoring a "No Trespassing" sign.

That said, the prosecutor could still file charges, so it’s vital to explain your circumstances clearly if accused.

Can You Go to Jail for Trespassing in Virginia?

Yes, you can go to jail for trespassing. Although jail time is often reserved for more severe or repeated offenses, the maximum sentence for trespassing is a 12-month imprisonment.

Courts may consider factors such as:

• Whether you have prior convictions—or a history of ignoring no-trespassing warnings
• Whether other wrongful acts, such as theft or property damage accompanied your trespass
• The nature of the property you trespassed on (e.g., entering government property could carry heightened legal scrutiny)

Since jail time and a criminal record are serious and lasting consequences, it is essential to handle trespassing charges carefully.

Do You Need an Attorney for a Trespassing Charge?

If you have been accused of trespassing, hiring an experienced attorney is strongly recommended. A skilled lawyer can:

• Evaluate whether the legal requirements for trespassing have been met in your specific case.
• Determine if exceptions apply, such as whether you had permission or legal rights to access the property.
• Build a strong defense tailored to the circumstances of your case.

For example, an attorney might argue that the "No Trespassing" sign was not clearly visible or that the person who issued the no-entry order did not have the legal authority to bar you from entering the property. Additionally, an attorney can work to mitigate the consequences of a conviction, such as negotiating reduced fines or helping you avoid jail time altogether.

Defenses Against Trespassing Charges

Every trespassing case is unique, but some possible defenses include:

• Lack of Proper Notice: If no clear request was communicated (verbally, in writing, or via signage), trespassing cannot be proven.
• Legal Justification: If you performed a legally required action, such as delivering court documents, your presence on the property may be protected under the law.
• Permission Revoked Without Proper Process: If you’re a tenant, landlords must follow eviction proceedings before restricting access to the property.

Establishing these defenses demands a deep understanding of the legal system and the specific details of your case, highlighting the critical need for skilled legal representation.

Contact The Law Offices of Daniel J. Miller Today

Trespassing in Virginia is far more than an inconvenience; it can lead to hefty fines, jail time, and a permanent criminal record. Whether you're a property owner or an individual accused of trespassing, understanding the law is the first step toward protecting your rights and interests.

If you’ve been charged with trespassing or want to ensure your property is better protected against unwanted intrusions, consulting an attorney is an important first move. Legal cases are far from one-size-fits-all, and the right guidance can make all the difference in a successful outcome.

If the legal team at The Law Offices of Daniel J. Miller can help you with a trespassing charge or any other matter, please call us at (757) 267-4949or by contacting our team online.

What You Should Know About Automatic Sealing

In 2021, Virginia passed a law introducing significant reforms to the state's criminal record-sealing policies. Aspects of this law were revised in 2023. This new law provides a valuable opportunity for individuals to move forward without the burden of a criminal history following them.

The automatic sealing provisions of this law will take effect on October 1, 2025.

Expungement vs. Sealing

In Virginia, expungement and sealing generally mean the same thing. Sealing records aims to limit public access to an individual's criminal history. While in some states, expungement completely erases a record, in Virginia, expungement and sealing both serve to limit access to the record in question.

While the record still exists, it will not appear in most background checks. Additionally, these records will be kept in a secure location and are only accessible to a few people and only for a few specific reasons, such as

Automatic Sealing of Records

Starting October 1, 2025, individuals charged with a misdemeanor in Virginia but ultimately not convicted may have their records automatically sealed. A non-conviction can occur under several circumstances, such as an acquittal, dismissed charges, or if the prosecution chooses to drop the case (nolle prosequi).

A note on dismissals: a deferral-dismissal does not qualify for automatic sealing, as this involves a court finding sufficient evidence for a potential conviction before the case is dismissed.

Eligibility for Automatic Sealing for Convictions

Individuals with convictions may also be eligible for the automatic sealing of their records under the new law. Specifically, they may be eligible if at least seven years have passed since the dismissal or conviction and the individual has maintained a clean legal record during this time. This means they must not have been convicted of any laws in Virginia or any other jurisdiction, including the District of Columbia or federal territories, that would necessitate reporting to the Central Criminal Records Exchange.

Requesting Sealing of Records in Virginia

In Virginia, individuals have the right to request the sealing of their criminal records, although the process differs depending on the circumstances of the case. If a record is eligible for automatic sealing due to the new law, individuals do not need to take any action, as the process will begin automatically on October 1, 2025.

However, if an individual believes their record should be sealed sooner or if it falls outside the automatic sealing provisions, they may file a petition with the court.

To initiate this process, individuals should gather relevant documentation, including case numbers, court dates, and any supporting evidence demonstrating that they meet the eligibility criteria. The petition must be submitted to the appropriate circuit court in Virginia, along with any required fees. Once filed, the court will review the request, and a hearing may be scheduled where the individual can present their case to seal the record.

Consider Hiring Legal Representation

It's important to note that the success of such requests can depend on various factors, including the nature of the charges and the individual's legal history. Consulting with a legal professional may provide additional guidance and potentially improve the likelihood of a favorable outcome.

If you have questions about the new criminal record-sealing law set to take effect in 2025, reach out to The Law Offices of Daniel J. Miller. We can help you determine how this law may impact your situation.

Understanding Miranda Rights

Miranda rights (also known as Miranda warnings) play a crucial role in the American criminal justice system. Miranda rights are derived from the Fifth Amendment, which guarantees that no person shall be compelled to incriminate themselves. Instituted to protect individuals from self-incrimination during police interrogations, these rights are grounded in the landmark 1966 Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona.

The Supreme Court determined that police must inform individuals in custody of their constitutional rights, including the right against self-incrimination and the right to legal counsel, before conducting interrogations.

When law enforcement officers arrest and intend to interrogate someone, they must inform the individual of their rights. These include:

• The right to remain silent
• The warning that anything said can be used against them in court
• The right to an attorney
• If they cannot afford an attorney, a public defender will be appointed

This safeguard helps make individuals aware of their constitutional protections before making any statements that could be self-incriminating.

When Are Officers Required to Issue Miranda Warnings?

In Virginia, as in all U.S. states, the concept of Miranda rights is upheld. State law enforcement officers are mandated to issue Miranda warnings before beginning any custodial interrogation. Failure to do so can have significant implications for the prosecution's case.

Miranda rights are not automatically applied at the time of arrest; they become relevant specifically during the custodial interrogation phase. Therefore, statements made pre-custody or without interrogative context might not invoke the necessity of a Miranda warning.

When Miranda Warnings Are Not Required

Remember, Miranda warnings are unnecessary before an arrest occurs or if someone is not being interrogated post-arrest. For example, when an officer pulls someone over for a DUI stop but has not initiated an arrest, they are not required to read someone their Miranda warning. Similarly, casual conversations or routine booking questions do not require the reading of Miranda rights. Additionally, voluntary statements made by suspects outside of interrogation do not warrant Miranda warnings.

Consequences of Not Reading Miranda Rights

When an arresting officer does not read Miranda rights to a suspect before an interrogation, the consequences can drastically affect any legal proceedings. The primary repercussion is the inadmissibility of any statements or confessions obtained during the interrogation.

The defendant could potentially argue that they were not informed of their rights and, therefore, did not knowingly and voluntarily waive those rights. As a result, any subsequent admission or evidence gathered from these statements may be considered 'fruit of the poisonous tree' and excluded from the trial.

Furthermore, a failure to administer Miranda rights can lead to broader challenges in the prosecution's case. In fact, non-compliance with Miranda requirements may even result in the dismissal of charges.

What to Do If You Believe Your Miranda Rights Were Violated

Miranda rights are a fundamental component of the criminal justice system. Both state and federal laws require these rights to be communicated to those in custody prior to interrogation. If you suspect that Miranda rights were not properly administered, seek knowledgeable legal support from an experienced defense attorney, like ours, at The Law Offices of Daniel J. Miller.

Contact us today for a consultation to discuss your case and explore your legal options.

Recently, the Virginia Court of Appeals addressed the issue of probable cause in relation to warrantless searches during a case involving a traffic stop in Culpeper. The court ruled that law enforcement officers must have more than just probable cause to search an individual without a warrant for contraband.

Judge Lisa M. Lorish emphasized in her opinion that under the Fourth Amendment, probable cause is the standard required to obtain a warrant but not alone sufficient to conduct a warrantless search.

Keep reading to learn more about search warrants, probable cause, and when a warrantless search may be allowed.

Search Warrants in Virginia

In addition to the Fourth Amendment, Virginia state law also addresses search warrants and the need for probable cause. Under § 19.2-52 of the Code of Virginia, search warrants can be issued by any authorized judge, magistrate, or other designated official. To issue a search warrant, the official must be presented with a sworn complaint and an affidavit establishing reasonable and probable cause for the search.

When is a Warrantless Search Allowed?

A warrantless search may be allowed under specific circumstances, such as when the individual consents, exigent circumstances demand immediate action, or the evidence is in plain view. Additionally, warrantless searches may be conducted during a lawful arrest, when there is a need to prevent the destruction of evidence, or if there is a reasonable belief that the suspect poses an imminent threat to public safety.

What Is Probable Cause

Probable cause is a legal standard used in various contexts, including arrests, searches, and obtaining warrants. It refers to the necessity for law enforcement to have reasonable grounds to believe that a person is committing, has committed, or will commit a crime. This standard is a safeguard, aiming to ensure citizens are not subjected to arbitrary or unjustified legal actions.

The Burden of Proof for Establishing Probable Cause

The burden of proof for establishing probable cause does not demand absolute certainty or conclusive evidence of criminal activity. Rather, it requires a reasonable basis or suspicion backed by factual evidence that would lead a prudent person to believe that a crime has been, is being, or will be committed.

The facts and circumstances used to justify probable cause must be more than mere suspicion or hunches; they should be concrete and substantiated by observable evidence or reliable information. For instance, an officer witnessing a person actively engaging in a crime or possessing illegal contraband can constitute probable cause.

Totality of the Circumstances

Virginia courts, like those elsewhere in the country, often use the "totality of the circumstances" test to evaluate whether probable cause exists. This approach considers all factors and contexts surrounding the situation rather than isolating individual elements. It takes into account the collective evidence and assesses whether it reasonably supports the belief of unlawful activity.

Application in Arrests & Searches

The principle of probable cause applies differently in the contexts of arrests and searches. For an arrest, law enforcement must have probable cause to believe that the individual has committed a crime. In the context of search warrants, officers must demonstrate that there is probable cause to believe that evidence of a crime will be found in the place they wish to search.

Example of Probable Cause Leading to a Search

Consider a situation where an officer pulls over a driver for speeding and observes a visible and identifiable controlled substance on the passenger seat. The officer's observation would likely constitute probable cause to search the vehicle. On the other hand, if the officer merely suspects the presence of drugs without any visible evidence or corroborative information, that suspicion alone would not meet the probable cause standard.

Remember, as previously mentioned, that while probable cause can be used to secure a warrant, it is not enough on its own to justify a warrantless search.

Challenging Probable Cause

Depending on the circumstances of the case, challenging probable cause can be part of a defendant's defense strategy. In such cases, our criminal defense attorneys meticulously examine the facts and circumstances that purportedly establish probable cause, identifying any problems or inconsistencies in the prosecution's case.

Potential ways to challenge probable cause include:

• Lack of concrete evidence
• Misinterpretation of facts or circumstances
• Insufficient corroboration
• Violation of constitutional rights
• Evidence of bias or prejudice
• Absence of exigent circumstances, such as a lawful arrest
• Failure to follow proper procedures

Each of these challenges aims to scrutinize the foundation and validity of the probable cause presented, potentially weakening the prosecution's stance and bolstering the defense's case.

Challenging probable cause will not be appropriate for every case. For personalized legal counsel, contact The Law Offices of Daniel J. Miller.